Der Schnellstart in die digitale Lehre unter Corona-Randbedingungen

The corona lockdown and campus closure of the TU Dortmund University led to a fully digital summer semester 2020 of the Faculty of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering. Completely digital? No! This article gives examples of different digital courses. From the perspective of the Dean of Studies, experiences and personal reflections on this unusual semester until July 2020 are presented. After a short introduction, measures for digital teaching with the gradual partial opening are described. Especially the exchange of experiences together with the students' feedback brought interesting results and experiences with digital tools. The lessons learned are outlined together with recommendations for different digital tools and an outlook on upcoming semesters.     

基于红外测温的文物冷冻干燥监测技术

为了给大型、大批量文物的冷冻干燥保驾护航，以饱水木质文物为样品，结合红外温度传感器和红外热像仪，对文物的冷冻过程进行温度监控。结果表明，红外温度传感器对样品表面温度变化十分灵敏，能有效跟踪温度的动态变化过程，但测量准确性会受样品发射率、环境波动等因素的影响。红外热像仪经发射率标定后可达到较高的测量精度，利用热成像得到的图像，可直观地筛查样品表面的最高/最低温度区。经过分析，样品在靠近仓内换热器端的位置，表面温度较低，靠近仓门的位置，表面温度较高，且样品上表面温度略低于侧面温度。根据红外测温结果，预期能给出冷冻干燥设备控制的建议，降低文物冻干失败的风险，减轻文保工作者的工作负担。     

新时代下我国数字农业发展的机遇、不足及对策

近年来,在政策推动及市场环境的变化下,我国数字农业发展取得了一定成效,但也依然面临着人才短缺、技术薄弱、主动投资不足等挑战。对当下我国数字农业发展的现状、机遇和挑战进行分析研究,并给出相关对策建议。     

干耦合超声波测试技术及其岩石动静参量测试应用

岩体非线性特征随深度增加不断凸显,其力学参量现场实时精确测量及长期监测,为地应力解除过程中岩体变化特征及应力监测提供了必要的基础。然而目前岩石力学参量测定多基于室内力学试验,时效性及拟合方法都会对测试结果带来误差。传统耦合超声波发射、接收探头对接触面平整性要求高,无法实现布置于现场钻孔内的长效监测。基于干耦合点接触声波探头测速技术,通过对声波发射、接收探头设计,电路板稳定性及去噪算法研究,研发出具有瞬时采集、无线传输功能的数字化波速采集系统。通过对同一区域取自现场加工的?50 mm×100 mm花岗岩岩样及地应力解除岩芯,分别进行室内力学试验及波速测定,以计算获取相应静态、动态弹性模量。结果表明:首先,自研发基于干耦合点接触声波测速采集系统,对不同工作接触面适应性较好,数据误差在规范允许范围内。其次,对于同一区域相同岩性不同尺度、形态的岩样,其动态、静态弹性模量关系彼此间具有适用性。这就为现场基于干耦合点接触声波测速计算获得的岩体动态弹性模量,推算其静态弹性模量提供了依据。进一步的,基于干耦合点接触声波测速数字化采集系统,岩体动、静态力学参数在现场地应力岩芯解除过程及岩体长期监测过程中的实时采集及分析研究,具有一定的可行性。     

Striking Patterns: Contemporary Ikat Design and Its Future

This review presents the results of a conference on ikat textiles organized in the context of the exhibition Striking Patterns: Global Traces in Local Ikat Fashion at the Museum der Kulturen Basel, Switzerland (October 2016 to March 2017). Academics and professional experts, some of them working for NGOs, debated often neglected potentialities as well as the future of contemporary ikat design and other intricately patterned handwoven textiles: the significance of new patterns; intellectual property rights; and educational encouragement. The general focus lay on the controversially perceived innovation of textile patterns in Indonesia and Timor-Leste. We will here present the main arguments of the discussion and our own suggestions for further research.     

Chemistry Education Fostering Creativity in the Digital Era

Renewing undergraduate education in the chemical sciences to foster creativity using research, visualization and connectivity resources has substantial benefits, but requires changes in the curriculum and teaching methodology as well as in academic teaching and human resource conventional policies.     

Morphology,adipocyte size,and fatty acid analysis of dairy cattle digital cushions,and the effect of body condition score and age

The digital cushion is an essential part of maintaining a healthy foot, working to dissipate foot strike and body weight forces and lameness from claw horn disruption lesions. Despite the importance of the digital cushion, little is known about the basic anatomy, adipocyte morphology, and fatty acid composition in relation to age, limb position, and body condition score. In total, 60 claws (from 17 cows) were selected and collected from a herd, ensuring that body condition score data and computed micro-tomography were known for each animal. Digital cushion tissue underwent histological staining combined with stereology, systematic random sampling, and cell morphology analysis, in addition to lipid extraction followed by fatty acid analysis. The results describe digital cushion architecture and adipocyte sizes. Adipocyte size was similar across all 4 claws (distal left lateral and medial and distal right lateral and medial) and across the ages (aged 2–7 yr); however, animals with body condition score of 3.00 or more at slaughter had a significantly increased cell size in comparison to those with a score of less than 2.50. Of 37 fatty acid methyl esters identified, 5 differed between either the body condition score or different age groups. C10:0 capric acid, C14:0 myristic acid, C15:0 pentadecanoic acid, and C20:0 arachidic acid percentages were all lesser in lower body condition score cows, whereas C22:1n-9 erucic acid measurements were lesser in younger cows. Saturated fatty acid, monounsaturated fatty acid, and polyunsaturated fatty acid percentages were not altered in the different claws, ages, or body condition score groups. Triglyceride quantities did not differ for claw position or age but had decreased quantities in lower body condition score animals. Digital cushion anatomy, cellular morphology, and fatty acid composition have been described in general and also in animals with differing ages, body condition scores, and in the differing claws. Understanding fat deposition, mobilization, and composition are essential in not only understanding the roles that the digital cushion plays but also in preventing disorders and maintaining cattle health and welfare.     

浙江严子陵钓台文化景观变迁探析

严子陵钓台是中国隐士文化景观的重要组成部分。通过文献整理,现场调研等研究方法,探索严子陵钓台历史变迁,共分为形成之初、繁荣发展、明清与近代发展3个时期。并且以钓台测绘图为基础,结合古籍文献对盛期钓台进行复原。在此基础上,从山水形胜、文人活动、景面文心3个方面分析了严子陵钓台的景观形成与特征。为严子陵钓台文化景观的保护提供参考,也为同类型文化景观的研究工作提供了一种研究思路。